Objective: The present study aimed to effectiveness reality therapy-based educational package on pain perception and self-care in older adults with diabetes. Method: This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up 2 month. The statistical population was included all older adults with diabetes in Tehran, Iran, in 2023, from which 50 participants were selected using convenient sampling. The instruments used in this study included the Pain Perception Questionnaire, the Self-Care Questionnaire for Older Adults by Hemati and Hashemloo (2015), and Researcher-made questionnaire Pain perception questionnaire. Analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test was used for data analysis. The data analysis software was SPSS version 27. Results: The results of training intervention showed that reality therapy-based educational package significantly reduced the pain perception and self-care in older adults with diabetes and this effect was significant in the follow-up phase. Conclusions: Therefore, it is recommended that psychologists, counselors, and individuals and organizations working with older adults utilize this reality therapy-based educational package to improve pain perception and self-care in older adults with diabetes.
Fallahi,S , Ghaemi,F and Ebrahimi Moghadam,H . (2025). The Effectiveness Reality Therapy -Based Educational Package on Pain Perception and Self-Care in Older Adults with Diabetes. Iranian Journal of Learning and Memory, 8(29), 91-106. doi: 10.22034/iepa.2026.569496.1574
MLA
Fallahi,S , , Ghaemi,F , and Ebrahimi Moghadam,H . "The Effectiveness Reality Therapy -Based Educational Package on Pain Perception and Self-Care in Older Adults with Diabetes", Iranian Journal of Learning and Memory, 8, 29, 2025, 91-106. doi: 10.22034/iepa.2026.569496.1574
HARVARD
Fallahi S, Ghaemi F, Ebrahimi Moghadam H. (2025). 'The Effectiveness Reality Therapy -Based Educational Package on Pain Perception and Self-Care in Older Adults with Diabetes', Iranian Journal of Learning and Memory, 8(29), pp. 91-106. doi: 10.22034/iepa.2026.569496.1574
CHICAGO
S Fallahi, F Ghaemi and H Ebrahimi Moghadam, "The Effectiveness Reality Therapy -Based Educational Package on Pain Perception and Self-Care in Older Adults with Diabetes," Iranian Journal of Learning and Memory, 8 29 (2025): 91-106, doi: 10.22034/iepa.2026.569496.1574
VANCOUVER
Fallahi S, Ghaemi F, Ebrahimi Moghadam H. The Effectiveness Reality Therapy -Based Educational Package on Pain Perception and Self-Care in Older Adults with Diabetes. IJLM. 2025;8(29):91-106. doi: 10.22034/iepa.2026.569496.1574
