Marzieh Gholami; ali Delavar; Hassan Pasha Sharifi; Nastaran Sharifi
Abstract
Children with cognitive disability have a poor performance in all of the visual –motor tests. Therefore, diagnosis and rehabilitation of these learning disabilities seem necessary. The purpose of the present study was to construct and normalize a learning disability test for pre-school students. ...
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Children with cognitive disability have a poor performance in all of the visual –motor tests. Therefore, diagnosis and rehabilitation of these learning disabilities seem necessary. The purpose of the present study was to construct and normalize a learning disability test for pre-school students. A researcher-made visual-spatial test was devised consisting of seven sections (symbolization, space status, visual distinction, visual argumentation, visual memory sequence, maze, and rotational form) whose content validity was confirmed by psychology professors and then was performed on a sample of 206 preschool students. The questions were analyzed, and their validity, reliability and cut point were determined. This test showed an acceptable reliability. Then, to determine the construct validity and components of the tests, Varimax normalized method was used. Conformity factor analysis was also used to determine the validity of the factors which confirmed that the structure of questionnaire had an acceptable fitness to the data. Independent t-test demonstrated that there is a significant difference between the average scores of the normal students and those with learning disability. To investigate convergent validity, we used learning disability checklist that was simultaneously completed by the mothers. The results of Chi-Squared test demonstrated that there is a significant relationship between these two variables: the completed checklist by mothers and completed learning disability test by children.Considering the acceptable reliability and validity of the tests, it can be a tool to be used by learning disorders and counseling centers.
Maryam Mirzaie Khalilabadi; Mahshid Tajrobeh Kar; Nooshirvan Khezri Moghadam,
Abstract
Executive functions and visual perception are variables that play important roles in learning and educational improvement. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of attention rehabilitation on executive functions and visual perception of students with learning disorder ...
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Executive functions and visual perception are variables that play important roles in learning and educational improvement. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of attention rehabilitation on executive functions and visual perception of students with learning disorder and the study was of quasi - experimental type with pre-test, post-test and control group. The statistical population included all elementary school students in Rafsanjan in the second semester of 2018. The sampling method was multi-stage cluster method and the statistical sample of research involved 20 students with specific learning disorders, selected and replaced by a simple random method in two groups of experiment and control groups (2 groups of ten). The research tools were the visual perception test of Frostig and the Wisconsin cards. After performing pre-test on both control and experimental groups, the experimental group was trained using Captain Log software for 12 session, and at the end, the post-test was performed on both groups. The data were analyzed using SPSS v.24 software and statistical analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The results of statistical analysis showed that attention facilitator rehabilitation is effective in improving students' ability in visual perception test. Also, the results revealed that rehabilitation of attention can significantly improve the performance of children with learning disorder in the executive functions.
Yaghoob Raissi Ahvan; Ali Akbar Shaykhei Fini; hosain zainalipour
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the relationship between the hidden curriculum components and the affective attitudes of students' learning in high schools and to create a better learning and educational setting. The research adopted a quantitative method using a cross-sectional survey. The population ...
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The present study aimed to explore the relationship between the hidden curriculum components and the affective attitudes of students' learning in high schools and to create a better learning and educational setting. The research adopted a quantitative method using a cross-sectional survey. The population consisted of 277 male high school students in District 1 of Bandar Abbas in the academic year 2019-2020. They were selected through the cluster sampling method and randomly assigned to the experimental groups. Data were gathered by the Affective Attitudes of Learning Questionnaire and the Hidden Curriculum Components Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data in a quantitative way. In the quantitative part, the results of multiple regression showed that there was a correlation (0.0627) between the components of the hidden curriculum with affective attitudes of learning that was significant at (0.095) confidence level. To compare the differences between the scores of the hidden curriculum components in different types of high schools, the quantitative findings showed the mean scores of most components in Exceptional Talents (SAMPAD) high school were significantly higher than the mean scores in public and non-public high schools (P <0.05). Furthermore, the results showed that the components of the hidden curriculum have a profound and lasting impact on their affective attitudes toward school, textbooks, courses, and their academic self-concept.
Rasool Kornoghabi; Maryam Asoudeh
Abstract
Wisdom is a concept which has been extensively studied in many researches during recent years. On the other hand, occupational burnout is an issue that has affected teachers’ activities for many years. Occupational burnout is caused by increasing responsibility of teachers over the years. To study ...
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Wisdom is a concept which has been extensively studied in many researches during recent years. On the other hand, occupational burnout is an issue that has affected teachers’ activities for many years. Occupational burnout is caused by increasing responsibility of teachers over the years. To study the effect of wisdom-therapy on teachers’ occupational burnout, 34 EFL (English as a Foreign Language) teachers who worked in Hamedan high schools were selected using convenience sampling method and assigned randomly into two groups of experimental and control, each including 17 teachers. Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educator’s Survey developed by Maslach, Jackson, and Leiter (1996) was used for examining teachers’ occupational burnout and using one of wisdom-therapy techniques, teachers of the experimental group received training in ten sessions. Finally, using the mentioned inventory, teachers’ occupational burnout was examined again. The results of ANCOVA revealed that wisdom-therapy had a significant effect in reducing the level of occupational burnout, depersonalization and emotional exhaustion among Iranian EFL teachers. In addition, the results also showed that wisdom-therapy had a significant effect in improving the level of personal accomplishment. Thus, it is suggested that wisdom-therapy techniques be used in education and be part of teachers’ training.
Learning
Firouzeh Sepehrianazar; Fereshte Parvanevatan; Shilan Hendusin
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of math anxiety with math self-efficacy and math attitude, considering the mediating role of numerical memory via the structural equation modeling. The research adopted a correlational method. The statistical population of the study comprised ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of math anxiety with math self-efficacy and math attitude, considering the mediating role of numerical memory via the structural equation modeling. The research adopted a correlational method. The statistical population of the study comprised secondary school students from Oshnavieh city in Iran (N= 4280) in 2019. From this statistical population, 200 students were selected as the sample using the cluster random sampling method, and were administered the Plack and Parker math anxiety tests (1982), Wechsler Numerical Memory Scale (2003), Liu and Koirala Math Self-Efficacy Scale (2009) and the Fennma-Sherman Math Attitude Scale (1976). The structural equation modeling approach was used to examine the data using SPSS 26 and AMOS 26 software. The findings of the study indicated that students' math anxiety is directly influenced by numerical memory (p= 0.001), mathematical self-efficacy (p=0.01), and mathematical attitude (p=0.1). Additionally, it was observed that mathematical self-efficacy indirectly influences students' math anxiety via numerical memory (p= 0.05). Furthermore, the indirect effect of math attitude via numerical memory on students' math anxiety was not confirmed (p=0.54). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that it is imperative to address both math self-efficacy and math attitude to reduce students' math anxiety. Consequently, it is recommended that educators create an environment that fosters a positive attitude towards mathematics lessons and enhances students' self-efficacy in mathematics.
Faezeh Jahan; Dariush Mehrafzoon
Abstract
The current study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of Pygmalion effect-based education of teachers on the students’ self-efficacy and academic engagement. The study is quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest with control group). The statistical population of this study includes all students ...
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The current study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of Pygmalion effect-based education of teachers on the students’ self-efficacy and academic engagement. The study is quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest with control group). The statistical population of this study includes all students of first and second grades of high schools in Semnan in 2018-2019Thirty students were selected through multi-level cluster sampling method and after filling the written consent out, they answered General Sherer Self-efficacy questionnaire as well as Academic Engagement Questionnaire of Schaufeli et al. The experimental intervention (education based on Pygmalion effect) was only implemented for the teachers of the experimental group during 10 sessions of 60 minutes. After finishing the educational program, both groups took posttest. The obtained results of data analysis, using covariance analysis, showed that education based on Pygmalion effect for teachers affect students’ self-efficacy as well as their academic engagement. It can be concluded that teaching Pygmalion effect-basedto teachers training session could lead to more self-efficient and academically engaged generation.
Mansooreh Bakhtiari Fayendari; Mahmood Ghorbani; Ahmad Zendehdel; Ahmad Akbari
Abstract
This research was an applied research using mixed method design. In the qualitative approach, Delphi method is usedby referring to 20 academic and educational experts selected by purposeful method. In this study, 381 participantswere selected by stratified sampling method with appropriate allocation. ...
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This research was an applied research using mixed method design. In the qualitative approach, Delphi method is usedby referring to 20 academic and educational experts selected by purposeful method. In this study, 381 participantswere selected by stratified sampling method with appropriate allocation. Face validity is used for validation. Cronbachalpha reliability coefficient was higher than 0.8, indicating high reliability of the research instrument .The resultsidentified 4 dimensions including; individual, communicative, organizational, professional, and 32 components forcompetency model of Mashhad 7 districts educational managers. Also, the communicative dimension and conceptualskill were determined as the most important ones .It was also revealed that the confirmed succession planning modelof educational managers of 7 districts of Mashhad Ministry of Education involved three dimensions of volunteerevaluation, volunteer training and assessment of effectiveness with 6 components. Volunteer training dimension andindividual performance evaluation and process components are of utmost importance .In competency model ofMashhad 7 districts educational managers based on a succession planning approach, competency plays an importantrole of 58% in succession planning
Maryam Ebrahimi Zarandi; Hamdollah Manzari Tavakoli; Ali Reza Manzari Tavakoli; Zahra Zeinaddini Meimand
Abstract
Problem-solving is an ability human beings need to live better lives, however, some do not possess enough of this acquirable skill. Although many studies have concerned themselves with problem solving, this study has investigated it from a different angle. The present study was aimed at the priority-setting ...
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Problem-solving is an ability human beings need to live better lives, however, some do not possess enough of this acquirable skill. Although many studies have concerned themselves with problem solving, this study has investigated it from a different angle. The present study was aimed at the priority-setting of components effective on the teaching-learning model, with a focus on improving problem solving ability in upper secondary school students. This study used a descriptive-correlational design. The population consisted of professors of the Education Department of Islamic Azad University, Kerman Branch, who were actively working in 2019-2020 academic year, a total of 12 professors. Out of them, 10 individuals were selected as the sample through non-random availability sampling, based on Morgan’s table. The questionnaire entailed 12 components and 38 items. Network analysis was adopted for priority-setting of effective components. Furthermore, data and statistical analyses were conducted using Super Decisions, SPSS, and Excel. The results showed that ‘creativeness and creativity’ was the most important component, and ‘intelligence’ the least important component in the teaching-learning model.
School Psychology
Asma Yazdi; Javad Hatami
Abstract
During the Coronavirus pandemic, online classes and exams became popular to protect people's health. Despite the benefits, there were security issues and exam cheating. This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the amount and type of cheating in online and face-to-face exams using a qualitative ...
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During the Coronavirus pandemic, online classes and exams became popular to protect people's health. Despite the benefits, there were security issues and exam cheating. This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the amount and type of cheating in online and face-to-face exams using a qualitative method. The statistical population was all male and female students of the sixth grade of Pirbakran city in the academic year 2021-2022. In this research, a mixed rural school was selected using available sampling method and a structured face-to-face interview was conducted with all 14 sixth-grade students of the school. The interview questions were written and checked in MAXQDA software version 2020. From the analysis of the interviews, it was concluded that the rate of student cheating in online tests is much higher than that in face-to-face tests. The most common methods of cheating in online tests are the use of textbooks, the help of classmates, and the use of the Internet. Also, the most common method of cheating in face-to-face exams was the help of a classmate, and they considered the objective questions in the exams to be one of the important reasons for the ease of cheating. According to the findings of the research, the exams should be held in person as much as possible. In order to reduce cheating in the design of face-to-face and online tests, it is better to use more conceptual, in-depth and descriptive questions not published on the Internet browser; design different questions for students and explain the importance of studying and the negative points of cheating for students; replace four-choice questions with explanatory questions; increase the distance between the students in the face-to-face exam and control to prevent the presence of embedded fraud; not to answer the questions by the invigilators, and check students' pockets and hands in order to prevent cheating and avoid providing them with multiple draft sheets.
School Psychology
Mahnaz Akhavan Tafti; Niloofar Esmaeili; Salehe Piryaei; Shirin Mohamadzadeh; Seyedeh Paniz Parvar
Abstract
This study quantitatively explored a causal model of the association between two focal self-regulation constructs (executive functioning and effortful control) and social school readiness in preschoolers. The population comprised all preschool children and their mothers who resided in Tehran (2018-2019). ...
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This study quantitatively explored a causal model of the association between two focal self-regulation constructs (executive functioning and effortful control) and social school readiness in preschoolers. The population comprised all preschool children and their mothers who resided in Tehran (2018-2019). With the help of their mothers, 342 children with a mean age of five years completed the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB; 1994), the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire (Very Short Form) – (CBQ-VSF; 2006), the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; 2001), and the Social School Readiness Scale (1982). The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) in AMOS 22. Effortful control and socio-emotional competence significantly affected social school readiness (p<0.01). Moreover, executive functioning affected social school readiness, mediated by effortful control in the alternative model (p<0.01). These findings expand the existing early childhood research by specifying the link between two major aspects of self-regulation and social-emotional school readiness. An integrative approach considering the behavioral and neuropsychological measurements of self-regulation would help elucidate the predictors of social school readiness in early childhood.
Sondos Kashani Khatib; Simin Bashardoust; Shokoofeh Radfar; Malek Mirhashemi
Abstract
This study aimed at determining the effect of forehead cortex electric current stimulation on inhibitory control and working memory in people with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), using TDCS device. The method used was quasi-experimental research with pretest-posttest control group ...
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This study aimed at determining the effect of forehead cortex electric current stimulation on inhibitory control and working memory in people with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), using TDCS device. The method used was quasi-experimental research with pretest-posttest control group design. The participants were 24 children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder aged 7-11 who referred to Baqiyatallah Hospital in 1397. Children were randomly divided into experimental (n = 12) and control (n = 12) groups. The experimental group was intervened in 10 sessions, 3 times a week, and each session was 20 minutes. Assessments were performed in 3 steps, a day before the intervention, and a day after the intervention ended, and finally at the follow-up phase, two months after the intervention was accomplished. Go/no Go and N-back tests were used to evaluate inhibitory control and working memory, respectively. A repeated measurement method was applied to analyze the data. Findings revealed that brain electric stimulation program improves working memory and inhibitory control in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, brain electric stimulation program can be used to enhance the working memory and inhibitory control of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Razieh Javandel Soumehsaraei; Hossein Zare; Somayeh Zare
Abstract
The purpose of the present research was to examine the effectiveness of meta-cognitive strategies training on the cognitive failure in patients with general anxiety disorder (GAD). This quasi-experimental design consisted of two groups, with pre-test/ posttest and the control group. Considering the experimental ...
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The purpose of the present research was to examine the effectiveness of meta-cognitive strategies training on the cognitive failure in patients with general anxiety disorder (GAD). This quasi-experimental design consisted of two groups, with pre-test/ posttest and the control group. Considering the experimental nature of the research and also, with regards to the drop in the number of 30 people (15 in each group), patients with generalized anxiety disorder (DSM-5) were selected according to the available criteria and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups according to entry requirements. In both groups, the scale of Broadbent et al. Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) was carried out. Then, the experimental group underwent metacognitive strategies in 10 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group did not receive any training. At the end, the same questionnaire was administered in both groups. The results of the two groups were evaluated in two stages using relevant statistical tests. Multivariate covariance analysis showed that meta-cognitive strategies training significantly reduces cognitive failure and its subscales (distraction, memory defects and inadvertent errors) in patients with general anxiety disorder (p <0/05); there was no significant difference between meta-cognitive strategies training with the subscale of not remembering names (P>0/05). Despite the differences in the scores of cognitive failures in the group studied, it is recommended to use metacognitive strategies to reduce the symptoms of cognitive impairment in patients with generalized anxiety disorder.
Abdolrahim Jahanara; Mohammad Reza Sarmadi; Zohre Esmaili; Forouzan Zarabian
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of web-based distance learning model in the context of a constructivist learning approach on learning performance, satisfaction and attitude of Payame Noor Sardasht students. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest ...
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of web-based distance learning model in the context of a constructivist learning approach on learning performance, satisfaction and attitude of Payame Noor Sardasht students. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design. The statistical population of the study included all students of Payame Noor University of Sardasht who selected 45 people as the research sample, using Morgan table and cluster sampling method. Of these,15 students were assigned to conventional distance education group, 15 to the distance education group based on reproductive learning, and 15 to the project-based group. Data collection tools included a teacher-made test to measure learning performance as well as a researcher-made satisfaction and attitude questionnaire that the content validity of the teacher-made test was reviewed and approved by professors. And its reliability through splitting method was 82% in pre-test and 85% in post-test using Spearman-Brown formula. The content validity of the satisfaction questionnaire and the attitude questionnaire were reviewed and approved by experts and the reliability of the satisfaction questionnaire was 84% and the attitude questionnaire was 80% using Cronbach’s alpha. Data analysis was performed using inferential statistics and one-way analysis of variance. Emphasizing the research findings, it can be claimed that both web-based distance learning models have a positive effect on students learning, satisfaction and attitude. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that these two educational models (project-based learning and reproductive learning) have a great impact on increasing students’ learning performance, satisfaction and attitude.
Hossein Ilanloo; Sedigheh Ahmadi; Kianoosh Zahrakar; Elvira Cicognani
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the effectiveness of group counseling of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on internet addiction and cognitive emotion regulation in high school students. The research design was quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest type and a two-month follow-up with a control ...
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The present study aimed to explore the effectiveness of group counseling of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on internet addiction and cognitive emotion regulation in high school students. The research design was quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest type and a two-month follow-up with a control group. The population consisted of all male high school students in Takestan city in the academic year 2020-2021. The sample comprised 30 high school male students selected through convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The experimental group then received 10 sessions of 90-minute group counseling of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were gathered by Young’s Internet Addiction Questionnaire (IAQ) and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). The researcher also used multivariate analysis of covariance, repeated measures, LSD post hoc test and SPSS-26 software for data analysis. The results of comparing the experimental and control groups indicated that group counseling of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy had a significant effect on Internet addiction in high school students (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the results showed that Group counseling of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy had a significant effect on cognitive emotion regulation (P < 0.01). The findings indicated that group counseling of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is an effective intervention in reducing Internet addiction and cognitive emotion regulation of secondary high school students.
School Psychology
Pantea Birang Khojastehpour; Fariborz Dortaj; Fatemeh Ghaemi
Abstract
This study was conducted in order to provide a structural model of social-emotional competence based on psychological capital with the mediation of career motivation among primary teachers. The correlation method was applied in this cross-sectional research. The statistical population of the present ...
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This study was conducted in order to provide a structural model of social-emotional competence based on psychological capital with the mediation of career motivation among primary teachers. The correlation method was applied in this cross-sectional research. The statistical population of the present study was consisted of all teachers who were teaching in the elementary schools of Tehran in 2021-2022 and among them 350 people were selected by multi-stages cluster-sampling method. Psychological capital (Luthans, 2007), career motivation (Robinson, 2004) and social-emotional competence (Boyatzis, 2007) methods were applied which had acceptable validity and reliability. SPSS-V23 and Lisrel-V7.8 software were applied in order to analyze the data. Structural equation modeling was used to respond to the research hypotheses. The research findings suggested that psychological capital has a direct effect on social-emotional competencies of elementary teachers (p<0.05). Psychological capital has an indirect effect on social-emotional competencies of primary teachers (p<0.05). Also, the results showed that the indirect effect of psychological capital along with social-emotional competencies mediated by career motivation was confirmed by 95% confidence. Therefore, social-emotional competencies can play a better role in increasing their career motivation through making psychological capital among teachers.
Learning
Mahnaz Jooyani; Seyyed Davood Hosseininasab; Amir Panahali
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of metacognition and problem solving training on teaching-learning strategies awareness of gifted high school male students of 10th grade in Ardabil. This research is a quasi-experimental research, with a pre-test/ post-test design. 127 gifted high ...
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The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of metacognition and problem solving training on teaching-learning strategies awareness of gifted high school male students of 10th grade in Ardabil. This research is a quasi-experimental research, with a pre-test/ post-test design. 127 gifted high school male students of Ardabil were participated in the study as the statistical population in 2017-18 academic year. Sixty of these students were selected through simple random sampling. Before starting the training programs, three groups were tested by the Weinstein Teaching-Learning Strategies Questionnaire first developed by Weinstein and Schultz (1987). Metacognitive training program was taught for the first experimental group, and problem solving skills program was taught for the second experimental group; each training program consisted of eight two-hour sessions and the control group did not receive any kind of training. Pre-test and post-test results were analyzed using MANOVA. The results showed that both metacognitive and problem solving training enhance teaching and learning skills and that metacognitive training is more effective in terms of test strategies, attitudes, focus, and time management. Also, similar effects were achieved in terms of information processing and selection of the main idea, anxiety, motivation, self-examination, study guide in the two groups. In conclusion, metacognitive training was proven to be more effective than problem solving training.
Mohammad Sharifi; Jalil Fathabadi; Abdolazim Karimi; Masoud Sharifi
Abstract
The present study, conducted in Timss 2007 framework, aimed to examine the effectiveness of teachingcritical thinking on students’ academic achievement in mathematics and science. Research design was Quasi-experimental. Research sample (With available sampling method) included two classes of third ...
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The present study, conducted in Timss 2007 framework, aimed to examine the effectiveness of teachingcritical thinking on students’ academic achievement in mathematics and science. Research design was Quasi-experimental. Research sample (With available sampling method) included two classes of third grade students in Eghbal middle school in Baharestan, Tehran, Iran in 2014-15 randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Afterwards, the experimental group received critical thinking instructionfor 12 sessions, while the control group received no training during this period. The data were gathered using parallel forms of Timss 2007 framework, which were implemented in three periods. The data were analyzed through Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), and t-test. Results showed that critical thinking teaching could considerably improve students’ performance in mathematics and science in domains of reasoning and applying; however, no significant relationship was revealed between critical thinking teachingand students’ performance in the domain of knowing. Findings of the follow up test, in addition, indicated a significant decrease in applicants’ scores of the experimental group. It can be concluded that critical thinking teachingshould be brought into sharper focus in syllabuses of middle schools as its principles could not only resolve students’ problems in academic issues but they would also result in improving performance of students in the domains of mathematics and science.
Atefeh Samifard; Abbas Abaspour Abaspour; Mohammad Reza Saeidabadi
Abstract
A professional learning community contains communication and interaction. Interaction does not simply mean the one-way transfer of information from teacher to learner, but the discovery of ideas through others, the search for answers to questions and problem solving with others. In this research, conducted ...
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A professional learning community contains communication and interaction. Interaction does not simply mean the one-way transfer of information from teacher to learner, but the discovery of ideas through others, the search for answers to questions and problem solving with others. In this research, conducted in order to discover the factors affecting the formation of professional learning communities and present a model for them, a compound, successive and exploratory method was employed in an attempt to identify these factors. In the qualitative section of the research, articles, books, and extracted texts that had been purposefully chosen, were analyzed; and as a result, the 7 categories of teachers, participation, instruments, time, evaluation, trust, and learning were identified. In the quantitative section of the research, in order to investigate the internal and external validity of the model, the made questionnaire was used. Also, in studying the research hypotheses, Pearson’s correlation test was used. The findings of the test showed that between the two variables of participation and the grade the students had received in the professional learning community, there existed a positive and high correlation, meaning that the higher went the participation in the system of learning management or the electronic environment in general, the higher was the communal feeling experienced by learners.
Reza Saeedehghan; Mohammad Khatib; Farid Ghaemi
Abstract
Using chunks is said to bring about fluency into speech as they save speakers from constructing their speech upon a word-by-word basis. Particle phrases (A term coined in this study to refer to phrasal verbs and their derived and deviated nouns and adjectives) are also among those chunks. This study ...
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Using chunks is said to bring about fluency into speech as they save speakers from constructing their speech upon a word-by-word basis. Particle phrases (A term coined in this study to refer to phrasal verbs and their derived and deviated nouns and adjectives) are also among those chunks. This study seeks to see whether memorizing them will affect EFL learners' spoken fluency. To this end, 51 Persian speaking participants (37 females, 14 males) who were selected from 3 intact classes based on their performance in narrative video-based retelling constituted the sample of the study. The study was a quasi-experimental one in design because of the non-random assignment of the participants into either of the experimental and control groups. They were assigned to three groups: two experimental and one control. Both experimental groups received the same instructions on metaphorical concepts of particles (out, off, etc.) in the 150 phrasal verbs available in Garnier and Schmitt’s (2015) frequency list. They both engaged in self-generated contexts except that those in the first came up with hands-on task of drawing sketches, too. The control group, however, received none of the above treatments. The results of a one-way ANOVA procedure in the immediate post-test indicated that the participants in the first experimental group significantly outperformed not only the control group, but also the second experimental group that made more relative gains than their counterparts in the control group. The outperformance of the first experimental group was also found in the delayed post-test, which represented the long-term effects of the methods. The findings suggest several implications for this vital but surprisingly neglected issue of engaging students with self-generated sketches.
School Psychology
Elham Amirizad; Moloud Keykhosrovani; Naser Amini; Keivan Kakabraee
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of domain-specific and domain-general precursors of mathematical training on preschoolers' number sense and estimation. This study adopted a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest-follow-up design. The statistical population comprised all preschoolers in ...
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The present study aimed to investigate the effect of domain-specific and domain-general precursors of mathematical training on preschoolers' number sense and estimation. This study adopted a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest-follow-up design. The statistical population comprised all preschoolers in Kermanshah (Iran) in 2020. Using multi-stage cluster random sampling, a sample of 45 was selected and allocated to three groups (15 per group). The data were collected using the short form of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI), the Number Sense Screener, and the PLUS test (number estimation). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). The mean (SD) of IQ was 95.91 (4.21) in the working memory group and 97.78 (3.38) and 96.66 (4.03), respectively, in the number estimation and control groups. In the linear combination of number estimation variables in terms of group membership, the group x time interaction was significant on the pretest, posttest, and follow-up (p<0.01). The difference in the mean scores of the working memory, number estimation, and control groups was also significant on the variable of number sense (p<0.01). There was no significant difference in the effectiveness of the two training methods on the posttest and follow-up, and both interventions exerted the same effect on improving number sense and estimation.
Zahra Naghsh; Zahra Ramezani Khamsi; Mahnaz Ghafari
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to apply the Multilevel Structural Equations Modeling (MSEM) in order to investigate the effect of teachers’ and student’ goal-orientation as well as help-seeking on the 7th grade students’ math performance. For this purpose, 550 seventh grade learners ...
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The purpose of the present study was to apply the Multilevel Structural Equations Modeling (MSEM) in order to investigate the effect of teachers’ and student’ goal-orientation as well as help-seeking on the 7th grade students’ math performance. For this purpose, 550 seventh grade learners selected by two-stage cluster-sampling method completed Megli et al.’s (2000) Goal-orientation Questionnaire, as well as Rian and Pontrich's (1997) help-seeking Questionnaire. Also, teachers responded to Butler’s (2007) questions about goal-orientation. Data were analyzed using Multilevel Structural Equations Modeling. The results showed that goal-orientation had a significant direct effect on academic performance of individuals and the whole class, and the effect of help-seeking on their academic performance was significant as well. Findings also showed a positive and significant relationship between Mastery Goals and Mathematical Performance, and a negative and significant relationship between the Goals of Tendency toward Performance and Avoidance of Performance with students' Mathematical Performance. Also, considering the teacher's orientation, it was disclosed that there is a direct positive relationship between the Mastery Goal and the Functionalism with the Educational Mastery Functions, and between the Function Escaping Goal and Work Avoidance with Functional Teaching Methods. Moreover, teachers with Mastering Goals had positive perceptions of helping out when needed, and teachers who had Functional Goals concerned with the rote learning of assignments The fit for Multilevel Structural Equations Model evaluated as fair enough and students' Goal-orientation explained 22% of Performance Variance while this amount was 28 % for Teachers’ Goal-orientation.
Masomeh Zangi; Masoud Sadeghi; Ezatolah Ghadam Poor
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of emotion-focused processing strategies training on academic adjustment of female high school students in Kerman. This study was aquasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, and control group. The population of this study includes all female students ...
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The present study aimed to investigate the effect of emotion-focused processing strategies training on academic adjustment of female high school students in Kerman. This study was aquasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, and control group. The population of this study includes all female students of secondary school in Kerman, who were studying in the school year 2017. Thirty female students were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling and divided into two experimental and control groups. Both groups answered the academic adjustment questionnaire before and after the training process. The experimental group received emotion-focused processing strategies for eight sessions of 90 minutes while the control group received no training. The results showed that emotion-focused processing strategies training had a significant effect on academic adjustment of female high school students at p<0.01 level.
Saeed Ghorbani
Abstract
Mental fatigue is a factor that may influence performance of chess players. However, effects of mental fatigue on performance of chess players are rarely investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the effects of exposure to a mental fatigue protocol on memory function (pattern recall ...
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Mental fatigue is a factor that may influence performance of chess players. However, effects of mental fatigue on performance of chess players are rarely investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the effects of exposure to a mental fatigue protocol on memory function (pattern recall performance) of expert chess players. Thirty expert chess players (55-65 years-old) were randomly assigned into mental fatigue and control groups. Participants in the mental fatigue group were asked to (re-)place observed ordinary and random chess positions on a blank chessboard before and after exposing to a 30-minutes’ mental fatigue protocol. The control group followed the same procedure but they read a text about history of chess instead of exposing to mental fatigue protocol. Two ordinary and two random chess positions were used to measure pattern recall performances in pre- and post-tests. Visual Analogue Scale was used to measure the subjective rating of mental fatigue and motivation for upcoming pattern recall task. Results showed that exposing to mental fatigue protocol increased the subjective rating of mental fatigue significantly in the mental fatigue group. Moreover, motivation was not different between the groups before performing pattern recall task in posttest. Also, results revealed that exposing to mental fatigue protocol impaired pattern recall performance of expert chess players. Finally, expert chess players performed significantly better in recalling ordinary positions than random positions. Findings of the study can add to the existing knowledge on effects of mental fatigue on a variety of sporting context and also provide support for Chunking Theory of Memory and Template Theory.
Rouhollah Rezapour; Sahar Zanjirani
Abstract
The purpose of this descriptive-internet survey was to examine whether Persian- English bilinguals express different personality traits when they switch language when responding to Big Five Inventory (BFI) as a measure of personality once in Persian and once in English. It has been proposed that language ...
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The purpose of this descriptive-internet survey was to examine whether Persian- English bilinguals express different personality traits when they switch language when responding to Big Five Inventory (BFI) as a measure of personality once in Persian and once in English. It has been proposed that language activates cultural specific frames and bilinguals represent different personality patterns in each language. In this research 60 Persian- English sequential bilinguals living in the United States were selected by volunteer sampling method. They were asked to respond to an online version of BFI in both languages. The result demonstrated that, bilinguals had higher levels of Agreeableness, Extraversion, and Openness in English than in Persian where as their scores for Neuroticism were lower in English. These findings support the effect of language on personality and demonstrate the function of language as a strong cue for Cultural Frame Switching (CFS) since language was able to activate CFS for Agreeableness, Extraversion, Openness, and Neuroticism.
Rasool Kornoghabi; Maryam Asoudeh; Mahsa Mohammadi
Abstract
Purpose: This study intended to investigate the effectiveness of personal wisdom therapy approach in reducing internet addiction in adolescent female students.Method: The present study was a semi-experimental study and its statistical population was 200 adolescent female students studying in high schools ...
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Purpose: This study intended to investigate the effectiveness of personal wisdom therapy approach in reducing internet addiction in adolescent female students.Method: The present study was a semi-experimental study and its statistical population was 200 adolescent female students studying in high schools in the city of Hamadan in the academic year 1399-1400 from which 34 female students, selected based on convenience sampling procedure, were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The participants in the experimental group received 10 training sessions using a wisdom-therapy approach. In order to assess the participants’ internet addiction, the internet Addiction Scale developed by Young (2007) was used. The effect of the provided trainings was assessed using pre-test, post-test and two-month follow-up. In order to analyze the obtained data, a set of ANCOVA was run. Findings: The results revealed that personal wisdom-therapy had a statistically significant positive effect on reducing the level of internet addiction among adolescent female students.Impact and implication statement: since wisdom therapy has been effective in reducing internet addiction, all those involved in education, including teachers and school principals can design wisdom-based lessons and programs to help students in this regard and improve the quality of education.
